{"id":15892,"date":"2023-08-03T16:03:19","date_gmt":"2023-08-03T16:03:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/?p=15892"},"modified":"2025-01-10T15:55:47","modified_gmt":"2025-01-10T15:55:47","slug":"in-celebration-of-wasps-yes-seriously","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/2023\/08\/03\/in-celebration-of-wasps-yes-seriously\/","title":{"rendered":"In celebration of wasps. Yes, seriously."},"content":{"rendered":"<a href=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/stock-photo\/portrait-of-a-common-wasp-(vespula-vulgaris)-uk-focus-stacked-image-(dead\/search\/detail-0_01420501.html\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-15897\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01420501-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Portrait of a Common Wasp (Vespula vulgaris). UK. Focus stacked image (dead specimen).\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01420501-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01420501-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01420501-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01420501.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01420501-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01420501-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01420501-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01420501-320x213.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01420501-375x250.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01420501-900x600.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01420501-159x106.jpg 159w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a>\n<h3>WASP. A word that strikes fear into the heart of many a summer picnic. These widely scorned insects, mostly viewed with annoyance and fear, simply can&#8217;t get enough of our lunches. They loiter around bins and jam jars, with a threatening drone. Sometimes they land on us. Sometimes they sting. So unloved are they, that we tend to describe people with selfish, malicious or bad-tempered dispositions as &#8220;waspish.&#8221; Some detractors might go so far as to ask the question: what use is a wasp, anyway?<\/h3>\n<p>Well, you might be surprised. Consider for a moment that your knowledge of wasps might not stretch any further than the common wasp <em>Vespula vulgaris<\/em>. Or, if you live in the USA, one of several species of yellowjackets. These social wasps live in colonies that contain thousands of workers, each tending to the queen&#8217;s offspring. The workers hunt insects to feed to the wasp brood, and in return, the tiny grubs reward the workers by secreting a sugary substance. However, at the end of the summer, when the queen dies and all the larvae have pupated into adult wasps, the workers have to look elsewhere for their sugar fix. And that leads them straight to your picnic table.<\/p>\n<p>But these species are just a miniscule fraction of an enormously diverse array of wasps that includes over 100,000 known species. Yes, some of them deal out stings, but 70,000 of them don&#8217;t. In fact, not only are the majority of wasps harmless to humans, science has shown that we actually depend on them. Wasps are valuable to ecosystems, to our economy, even to human health. Their venom and saliva have antibiotic properties, and there is promising evidence that the venom of some wasp species could even be used to fight cancer.<\/p>\n<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery gallery-15892 style-standard'><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01458989-360x240.jpg\" class=\"attachment-three-two size-three-two\" alt=\"Common Wasps (Vespula vulgaris) feeding on a pot of jam, photographed against a white background. Derbyshire, UK. September.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01458989-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01458989-1024x684.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01458989-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01458989-510x340.jpg 510w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Common Wasps (Vespula vulgaris) feeding on a pot of jam, photographed against a white background. Derbyshire, UK. September.\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01276491-360x240.jpg\" class=\"attachment-three-two size-three-two\" alt=\"Common wasp {Vespula vulgaris} flying to fallen apple on grass, UK\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01276491-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01276491-1024x684.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01276491-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01276491-510x340.jpg 510w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Common wasp {Vespula vulgaris} flying to fallen apple on grass, UK\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .gallery -->\n\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Wasps as Pollinators<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Pollination by insects is vital for agriculture, and its economic importance has been valued at greater than $250 billion (US) per year worldwide. Bees, which also sting, are prized for pollinating our crops, but wasps\u2014also superb pollinators\u2014are rarely afforded the same credit. Ever enjoyed a fig? Well, you have wasps to thank! There are other plants too, including several beautiful orchid species, that are completely dependent on wasps for pollination.<\/p>\n<div id='gallery-2' class='gallery gallery-15892 style-standard'><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01557592-360x240.jpg\" class=\"attachment-three-two size-three-two\" alt=\"Paper wasp (Polistes metricus) flying from flower, Tuscaloosa County, Alabama, USA Controlled conditions. September\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01557592-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01557592-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01557592-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01557592-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01557592.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01557592-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01557592-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01557592-320x213.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01557592-375x250.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01557592-900x600.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01557592-159x106.jpg 159w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Paper wasp (Polistes metricus) flying from flower, Tuscaloosa County, Alabama, USA Controlled conditions. September\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01717828-360x240.jpg\" class=\"attachment-three-two size-three-two\" alt=\"Hairy flower wasp (Radumeris tasmaniensis) female covered in pollen, resting on a plant, Dryandra Forest, Wheatbelt Region, Western Australia.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01717828-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01717828-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01717828-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01717828-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01717828.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01717828-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01717828-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01717828-320x213.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01717828-375x250.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01717828-900x600.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01717828-159x106.jpg 159w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Hairy flower wasp (Radumeris tasmaniensis) female covered in pollen, resting on a plant, Dryandra Forest, Wheatbelt Region, Western Australia.\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .gallery -->\n\n<p><strong>Wasps and figs<\/strong> Fig wasps (<em>Agaonidae<\/em>) rely on fig trees to provide a nursery for their young, and the fig plants rely on the wasp to pollinate their flowers (a relationship known as obligate mutualism). A female wasp has to crawl through a small opening into a fig fruit to access these flowers, which are hidden within it. Once inside, she lays her eggs and the young hatch, mate and then travel on to other figs, spreading the pollen from the flower they grew up in. Without the fig wasps, there would be no fig fruit for people or animals to enjoy.<\/p>\n<div id='gallery-3' class='gallery gallery-15892 style-standard'><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00586075-360x240.jpg\" class=\"attachment-three-two size-three-two\" alt=\"Fig (Ficus sp) fruit cross-section with parasitic wasps that have developed inside, Blyde River Canyon, South Africa\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00586075-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00586075-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00586075-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00586075-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00586075.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00586075-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00586075-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00586075-320x213.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00586075-375x250.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00586075-900x600.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00586075-159x106.jpg 159w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Fig (Ficus sp) fruit cross-section with parasitic wasps that have developed inside, Blyde River Canyon, South Africa\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00091356-360x240.jpg\" class=\"attachment-three-two size-three-two\" alt=\"Fig Wasp (Blastophaga psenes) group emerging from opened fruit where they fertilize the Fig, Barro Colorado Island, Panama\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00091356-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00091356-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00091356-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00091356-768x514.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00091356.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00091356-600x401.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00091356-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00091356-320x214.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00091356-375x251.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00091356-900x602.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00091356-158x106.jpg 158w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Fig Wasp (Blastophaga psenes) group emerging from opened fruit where they fertilize the Fig, Barro Colorado Island, Panama\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00462321-360x240.jpg\" class=\"attachment-three-two size-three-two\" alt=\"Fig Wasp (Idarnes sp) female with long ovipositor, Barro Colorado Island, Panama\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00462321-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00462321-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00462321-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00462321-768x514.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00462321.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00462321-600x401.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00462321-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00462321-320x214.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00462321-375x251.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00462321-900x602.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00462321-158x106.jpg 158w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Fig Wasp (Idarnes sp) female with long ovipositor, Barro Colorado Island, Panama\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .gallery -->\n\n<p><strong>Wasps and orchids<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Orchids use the allure of sex and drugs to attract their wasp pollinators. The King Spider Orchid (Caladenia pectinata) manufactures chemicals that mimic the sex pheromones of a receptive female wasp, while the wasp orchid<em> (<span id=\"showbuttons\" class=\"flowcontainerbox\">Ophrys apifera var. trollii)<\/span> <\/em>practices a more visual deception, imitating the colouration of a female wasp. In both cases, amorous male wasps are drawn to the orchids, where they attempt to mate with the flowers and pick up pollen in the process.<\/p>\n<p>The broad-leaved helleborine (<em>Epipactis helloborine<\/em>) goes even further, using mind-altering substances to keep wasps and other pollinating insects coming back to it. Some research suggests its nectar contains fermented alcohol, or is laced with opiates. Either way, as the wasp reaches for the intoxicating libation, the flower deposits its entire male sexual organ (the pollinium) on the insect&#8217;s head, which the stupefied visitor is powerless to remove.<\/p>\n<div id='gallery-4' class='gallery gallery-15892 style-standard'><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00462920-360x240.jpg\" class=\"attachment-three-two size-three-two\" alt=\"King Spider Orchid (Caladenia pectinata) flower swarmed by male parasitic wasps who interpret the flower\u00c6s red lip as female wasp, western Australia\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00462920-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00462920-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00462920-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00462920-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00462920.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00462920-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00462920-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00462920-320x213.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00462920-375x250.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00462920-900x600.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00462920-159x106.jpg 159w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"King Spider Orchid (Caladenia pectinata) flower swarmed by male parasitic wasps who interpret the flower\u00c6s red lip as female wasp, western Australia\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/naturepl_01642156-360x240.jpg\" class=\"attachment-three-two size-three-two\" alt=\"Wasp orchid (Ophrys apifera var. trollii) a scarce form of bee orchid growing on Cleeve Hill near Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, England, UK, July.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/naturepl_01642156-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/naturepl_01642156-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/naturepl_01642156-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/naturepl_01642156-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/naturepl_01642156.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/naturepl_01642156-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/naturepl_01642156-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/naturepl_01642156-320x213.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/naturepl_01642156-375x250.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/naturepl_01642156-900x600.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/naturepl_01642156-159x106.jpg 159w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Wasp orchid (Ophrys apifera var. trollii) a scarce form of bee orchid growing on Cleeve Hill near Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, England, UK, July.\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01671713-360x240.jpg\" class=\"attachment-three-two size-three-two\" alt=\"Saxon wasp (Dolichovespula saxonica) with a sticky pollinia on its head after nectaring from a Broad-leaved helleborine (Epipactis helleborine) flower on a woodland margin, Bath and Northeast Somerset, UK, July. This plant produces opioids and alcohol in its nectar which stupefies visiting wasps into bumbling around for a long time to pollinate its flowers.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01671713-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01671713-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01671713-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01671713-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01671713.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01671713-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01671713-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01671713-320x213.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01671713-375x250.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01671713-900x600.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01671713-159x106.jpg 159w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Saxon wasp (Dolichovespula saxonica) with a sticky pollinia on its head after nectaring from a Broad-leaved helleborine (Epipactis helleborine) flower on a woodland margin, Bath and Northeast Somerset, UK, July. This plant produces opioids and alcohol in its nectar which stupefies visiting wasps into bumbling around for a long time to pollinate its flowers.\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .gallery -->\n\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Wasps as pest controllers<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Alongside scavenging picnics, wasps also hunt invertebrates, including aphids and caterpillars that damage crops and garden plants. This makes wasps a natural form of pest control and allies them with farmers and gardeners alike. Biocontrol (where insects or pathogens are used to protect crops from pests) is worth at least $416 billion (US) per year worldwide. But wasps regulate crop-eating pests for free, managing pests on high-value crops such as maize and sugarcane. As apex predators, wasps also help to keep their native ecosystems in balance. Without them, the world could be overrun with spiders and other insects.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Spider Hunters<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Armed with one of the most painful stings on the planet, tarantula hawks are a spider&#8217;s worst nightmare. Even though the tarantula is considerably larger than the wasp, the stinging insect packs a venom that permanently paralyses (but doesn&#8217;t kill) the tarantula. The female lays a single egg on the victim&#8217;s body &#8211; which then provides a source of fresh food for the larva.<\/p>\n<p>The Golden Spider Wasp of Australia\u00a0uses a similar strategy of paralysing its prey, which is dragged to the wasp&#8217;s burrow and eaten alive by the larva, which consume the least important parts of the spider first, to keep it fresh (and alive) for longer. The skin of the spider is eventually used for the wasp&#8217;s cocoon. Photographer Jiri Lochman says: &#8220;The Female Spider Hunter Wasp is a courageous beast. After all, the spiders it preys on are equipped with potent venom too, and it is never a foregone conclusion that the wasp will end up victorious.\u00a0 But these wasps are skilled hunters and spiders seem to be mesmerized by their antics as they dance around their victims, flickering their colourful antennae.&#8221;<\/p>\n<div id='gallery-5' class='gallery gallery-15892 style-standard'><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01704952-360x240.jpg\" class=\"attachment-three-two size-three-two\" alt=\"Tarantula hawk wasp (Pepsis sp.) dragging Tarantula (Theraphosidae) prey to its den, Texas, USA. May.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01704952-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01704952-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01704952-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01704952-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01704952.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01704952-600x401.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01704952-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01704952-320x214.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01704952-375x250.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01704952-900x601.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01704952-159x106.jpg 159w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Tarantula hawk wasp (Pepsis sp.) dragging Tarantula (Theraphosidae) prey to its den, Texas, USA. May.\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709076-360x240.jpg\" class=\"attachment-three-two size-three-two\" alt=\"Spider hunter wasp (Episyron sp.) female, transporting anesthetized Wolf spider (Lycosidae) to nest as food provision for wasp larva, Yalgorup National Park, south of Perth, Western Australia. (Pompilidae)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709076-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709076-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709076-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709076-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709076.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709076-600x399.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709076-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709076-320x213.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709076-375x249.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709076-900x599.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709076-159x106.jpg 159w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Spider hunter wasp (Episyron sp.) female,  transporting anesthetized Wolf spider (Lycosidae) to nest as food provision for wasp larva, Yalgorup National Park, south of Perth, Western Australia. (Pompilidae)\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709073-360x240.jpg\" class=\"attachment-three-two size-three-two\" alt=\"Spider hunter wasp \/ Golden spider wasp (Cryptocheilus australis) female, transporting anesthetized Prowling spider (Miturgidae) into nest as food provision for wasp larva, Lake Indoon Reserve, west of Eneabba, Western Australia, (Pompilidae)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709073-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709073-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709073-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709073-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709073.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709073-600x399.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709073-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709073-320x213.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709073-375x249.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709073-900x599.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709073-159x106.jpg 159w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Spider hunter wasp \/ Golden spider wasp (Cryptocheilus australis) female, transporting anesthetized Prowling spider (Miturgidae) into nest as food provision for wasp larva, Lake Indoon Reserve, west of Eneabba, Western Australia, (Pompilidae)\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01678877-360x240.jpg\" class=\"attachment-three-two size-three-two\" alt=\"Spider wasp (Pompilidae) with spider prey, Buxa Tiger Reserve, India.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01678877-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01678877-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01678877-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01678877-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01678877.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01678877-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01678877-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01678877-320x213.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01678877-375x250.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01678877-900x600.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01678877-159x106.jpg 159w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Spider wasp (Pompilidae) with spider prey, Buxa Tiger Reserve, India.\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709074-360x240.jpg\" class=\"attachment-three-two size-three-two\" alt=\"Spider hunter wasp (Cryptocheilus sp.) female, with anesthetized Orb weaving spider (Araneidae) prey, on leaf, north-west of Kununurra, Kimberley Region, Western Australia. (Pompilidae)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709074-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709074-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709074-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709074-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709074.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709074-600x401.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709074-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709074-320x214.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709074-375x250.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709074-900x601.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709074-159x106.jpg 159w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Spider hunter wasp (Cryptocheilus sp.) female, with anesthetized Orb weaving spider (Araneidae) prey, on leaf, north-west of Kununurra, Kimberley Region, Western Australia. (Pompilidae)\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .gallery -->\n\n<p><strong>Bee Hunters<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>One wasp species has earned itself the name &#8216;Beewolf&#8217; (<span><em>Philanthus triangulum<\/em>)<\/span>. These wasps specifically prey upon worker honeybees (<em><span class=\"ILfuVd NA6bn\"><span class=\"hgKElc\">Apis mellifera<\/span><\/span><\/em>). The female wasp will catch up to six bees at a time, take them to her nest chamber and lay a single egg amongst them. The grub, when it hatches, then has a banquet to feast on before it emerges as an adult. Preying on honeybees might not seem like a positive impact, but even bee numbers must be kept in check. Honeybees can compete with other species of wild bees, potentially contributing to the decline in their numbers, especially where beehives are numerous. As a result, the Beewolf may be allowing space for these other species to feed.<\/p>\n<div id='gallery-6' class='gallery gallery-15892 style-standard'><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01664133-360x240.jpg\" class=\"attachment-three-two size-three-two\" alt=\"European beewolf (Philanthus triangulum) with honey bee prey. Suffolk, UK. August\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01664133-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01664133-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01664133-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01664133-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01664133.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01664133-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01664133-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01664133-320x213.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01664133-375x250.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01664133-900x600.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01664133-159x106.jpg 159w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"European beewolf (Philanthus triangulum) with honey bee prey. Suffolk, UK. August\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01563145-360x240.jpg\" class=\"attachment-three-two size-three-two\" alt=\"European beewolf (Philanthus triangulum) in flight, carrying bee prey, Budapest, Hungary.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01563145-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01563145-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01563145-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01563145-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01563145.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01563145-600x399.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01563145-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01563145-320x213.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01563145-375x249.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01563145-900x599.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01563145-159x106.jpg 159w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"European beewolf (Philanthus triangulum) in flight, carrying bee prey, Budapest, Hungary.\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .gallery -->\n\n<p><strong>Caterpillar hunters<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Other wasp species target caterpillars. These wasps in particular could be considered the gardener&#8217;s or farmer&#8217;s best friend, controlling species that may otherwise completely overrun a crop or ornamental garden. Usually, the caterpillars are paralyzed and carried back to the wasp&#8217;s burrow, to be consumed alive. Others prefer to eat on the go, like the larvae of the genus <em>Glyptapanteles,<\/em>\u00a0which feed on a caterpillar whilst it is still moving and eating. Some caterpillar-hunting wasps are parasitic, laying their eggs inside a living caterpillar. When the eggs hatch, the larvae feed on the caterpillar&#8217;s insides and then burst out through its skin, before forming cocoons and maturing into adult wasps.<\/p>\n<div id='gallery-7' class='gallery gallery-15892 style-standard'><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01717831-360x240.jpg\" class=\"attachment-three-two size-three-two\" alt=\"Club wasp (Ammophila sp.) female, transporting a moth caterpillar (Antimima cryptica) into its underground nest chamber where it will serve as food for wasp larvae, Yardanogo Nature Reserve, south-east of Dongara, Western Australia.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01717831-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01717831-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01717831-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01717831-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01717831.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01717831-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01717831-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01717831-320x213.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01717831-375x250.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01717831-900x599.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01717831-159x106.jpg 159w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Club wasp (Ammophila sp.) female, transporting a moth caterpillar (Antimima cryptica) into its underground nest chamber where it will serve as food for wasp larvae, Yardanogo Nature Reserve, south-east of Dongara, Western Australia.\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01594607-360x240.jpg\" class=\"attachment-three-two size-three-two\" alt=\"Parasitic wasps (Braconidae) approaching caterpillar of Lesser willow sawfly (Nematus pavidus) to lay eggs on, Surrey, England, UK. June.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01594607-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01594607-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01594607-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01594607-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01594607.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01594607-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01594607-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01594607-320x213.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01594607-375x250.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01594607-900x600.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01594607-159x106.jpg 159w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Parasitic wasps (Braconidae) approaching caterpillar of Lesser willow sawfly (Nematus pavidus) to lay eggs on,  Surrey, England, UK. June.\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_015925i42-360x240.jpg\" class=\"attachment-three-two size-three-two\" alt=\"Brush footed butterfly (Lycorea sp.) caterpillar with parasitic wasp cocoons on silk threads, Yasuni National Park, Orellana, Ecuador.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_015925i42-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_015925i42-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_015925i42-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_015925i42-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_015925i42.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_015925i42-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_015925i42-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_015925i42-320x213.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_015925i42-375x250.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_015925i42-900x600.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_015925i42-159x106.jpg 159w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Brush footed butterfly (Lycorea sp.) caterpillar with parasitic wasp cocoons on silk threads, Yasuni National Park, Orellana, Ecuador.\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .gallery -->\n\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Wasps as food<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Wasps are also a valuable food source, for other animals and even people. Larvae are harvested in some tropical countries for food, and in Japan, the giant hornet has long been considered a delicacy, pan-fried or steamed with rice.<\/p>\n<p>Birds known as bee-eaters feed on wasps, which they de-sting by rubbing them against branches. These wasps are then sometimes presented as presents during their courtships, where one bird feeds another to strengthen their pair bonds.<\/p>\n<p>Dragonflies and spiders also belong in the wasp-eating club, and the Mottled bee-fly is a known parasite of digger wasp nests. The fly flicks its eggs towards the entrance of the wasps&#8217; burrows. Once they hatch, the young flies will crawl inside the nest, to eat the unsuspecting wasp larvae.<\/p>\n<p>Wasps therefore help to sustain other species in the ecosystem. These species in turn bring their own benefits to their surrounding environment, ensuring that the wasps&#8217; indirect positive influence is spread further.<\/p>\n<div id='gallery-8' class='gallery gallery-15892 style-standard'><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01636307-360x240.jpg\" class=\"attachment-three-two size-three-two\" alt=\"Bee-eater (Merops apiaster) male offering wasp as nuptial gift, Hungary. June\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01636307-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01636307-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01636307-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01636307-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01636307.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01636307-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01636307-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01636307-320x213.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01636307-375x250.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01636307-900x600.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01636307-159x106.jpg 159w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Bee-eater (Merops apiaster) male offering wasp as nuptial gift, Hungary. June\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00572585-360x240.jpg\" class=\"attachment-three-two size-three-two\" alt=\"Crab Spider (Thomisidae) with Paper Wasp (Ropalidia sp) prey, Antananarivo, Madagascar\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00572585-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00572585-1024x684.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00572585-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00572585-510x340.jpg 510w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Crab Spider (Thomisidae) with Paper Wasp (Ropalidia sp) prey, Antananarivo, Madagascar\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01428225-360x240.jpg\" class=\"attachment-three-two size-three-two\" alt=\"Man eating Japanese giant hornet (Vespa mandarinia) deep fried, Ina Nagano Province, Japan, March 2006\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01428225-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01428225-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01428225-510x340.jpg 510w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Man eating Japanese giant hornet (Vespa mandarinia) deep fried, Ina Nagano Province, Japan, March 2006\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .gallery -->\n\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Wasps as architects<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Wasps are nature&#8217;s artists, creating intricate structures in which to live and breed. A wasps&#8217; nest is an architectural marvel. Perhaps the most easily recognised are the nests built by paper wasps, which include the yellow-striped common wasps we are so familiar with, as well as hornets. These insects harvest cellulose from wood and plant stems, chewing it up with their saliva to form paper, in a very similar way to how we make it. They deposit this paper using their mandibles to carefully sculpt hexagonal brood chambers, much like a bee&#8217;s honeycomb. Hexagons are the most efficient shape, allowing the wasps maximum strength with minimal building material.<\/p>\n<div id='gallery-9' class='gallery gallery-15892 style-scrollingstrip'><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01419857.jpg\" class=\"attachment-gallery-strip-thumb size-gallery-strip-thumb\" alt=\"Paper wasp (Polistes gallicus) on nest, north of San Nicandro Garganico, Gargano, Italy, April.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01419857.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01419857-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01419857-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01419857-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01419857-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01419857-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01419857-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01419857-320x213.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01419857-375x250.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01419857-900x600.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01419857-159x106.jpg 159w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Paper wasp (Polistes gallicus) on nest, north of San Nicandro Garganico, Gargano, Italy, April.\" \/><\/div><div class=\"gallery-overview-caption\"><strong>naturepl_01419857<\/strong> by Robert Thompson<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01481393.jpg\" class=\"attachment-gallery-strip-thumb size-gallery-strip-thumb\" alt=\"Paper wasps (Polistes sp.), Santa Catarina State, Brazil, September.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01481393.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01481393-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01481393-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01481393-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01481393-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01481393-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01481393-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01481393-320x213.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01481393-375x250.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01481393-900x600.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01481393-159x106.jpg 159w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Paper wasps (Polistes sp.), Santa Catarina State, Brazil, September.\" \/><\/div><div class=\"gallery-overview-caption\"><strong>Paper wasps (Polistes sp.), Santa Catarina State, Brazil, September.<\/strong> by Angelo Gandolfi<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"685\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01683228.jpg\" class=\"attachment-gallery-strip-thumb size-gallery-strip-thumb\" alt=\"An active European hornet (Vespa crabro) nest, adults and pupae, near Tour, Central France.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01683228.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01683228-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01683228-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01683228-768x514.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01683228-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01683228-600x401.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01683228-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01683228-320x214.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01683228-375x251.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01683228-900x602.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01683228-158x106.jpg 158w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"An active European hornet (Vespa crabro) nest, adults and pupae, near Tour, Central France.\" \/><\/div><div class=\"gallery-overview-caption\"><strong>naturepl_01683228<\/strong> by Roland Seitre<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon portrait'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01600137-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-gallery-strip-thumb size-gallery-strip-thumb\" alt=\"Median wasp (Dolichovespula media) nest, cross section showing combs. Hessen, Germany.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01600137-1.jpg 683w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01600137-1-100x150.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01600137-1-300x450.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01600137-1-320x480.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01600137-1-375x562.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01600137-1-600x900.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01600137-1-71x106.jpg 71w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Median wasp (Dolichovespula media) nest, cross section showing combs. Hessen, Germany.\" \/><\/div><div class=\"gallery-overview-caption\"><strong>naturepl_01600137<\/strong> by Ingo Arndt<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon portrait'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"718\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00572540.jpg\" class=\"attachment-gallery-strip-thumb size-gallery-strip-thumb\" alt=\"Paper Wasp (Ropalidia sp) queen tending to brood, Antananarivo, Madagascar\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00572540.jpg 718w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00572540-105x150.jpg 105w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00572540-300x428.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00572540-320x456.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00572540-375x535.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00572540-600x856.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00572540-74x106.jpg 74w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Paper Wasp (Ropalidia sp) queen tending to brood, Antananarivo, Madagascar\" \/><\/div><div class=\"gallery-overview-caption\"><strong>Paper Wasp (Ropalidia sp) queen tending to brood, Antananarivo, Madagascar<\/strong> by Paul Bertner<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"681\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01343041.jpg\" class=\"attachment-gallery-strip-thumb size-gallery-strip-thumb\" alt=\"Opened Polybia Paper Wasp Nest showing internal structure. Cocaya River, Eastern Amazon Rain Forest, the border of Peru and Ecuador.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01343041.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01343041-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01343041-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01343041-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01343041-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01343041-600x399.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01343041-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01343041-320x213.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01343041-375x249.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01343041-900x599.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01343041-159x106.jpg 159w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Opened Polybia Paper Wasp Nest showing internal structure. Cocaya River, Eastern Amazon Rain Forest, the border of Peru and Ecuador.\" \/><\/div><div class=\"gallery-overview-caption\"><strong>naturepl_01343041<\/strong> by Pete Oxford<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01456049.jpg\" class=\"attachment-gallery-strip-thumb size-gallery-strip-thumb\" alt=\"Common wasp (Vespula vulgaris) detail of nest surface, Hessen, Germany, April.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01456049.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01456049-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01456049-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01456049-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01456049-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01456049-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01456049-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01456049-320x213.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01456049-375x250.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01456049-900x600.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01456049-159x106.jpg 159w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Common wasp (Vespula vulgaris) detail of nest surface, Hessen, Germany, April.\" \/><\/div><div class=\"gallery-overview-caption\"><strong>naturepl_01456049<\/strong> by Ingo Arndt<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon portrait'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01617799.jpg\" class=\"attachment-gallery-strip-thumb size-gallery-strip-thumb\" alt=\"European paper wasp (Polistes dominula) colony at their nest on a large cactus, Mallorca, Spain, August.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01617799.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01617799-113x150.jpg 113w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01617799-300x400.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01617799-320x427.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01617799-375x500.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01617799-600x800.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01617799-80x106.jpg 80w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"European paper wasp (Polistes dominula) colony at their nest on a large cactus, Mallorca, Spain, August.\" \/><\/div><div class=\"gallery-overview-caption\"><strong>naturepl_01617799<\/strong> by Nick Upton<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"981\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01564491.jpg\" class=\"attachment-gallery-strip-thumb size-gallery-strip-thumb\" alt=\"Saxony wasp (Dolichovespula saxonica) queen building nest. Surrey, England, UK. May.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01564491.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01564491-150x144.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01564491-300x287.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01564491-768x736.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01564491-320x307.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01564491-375x359.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01564491-600x575.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01564491-900x862.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01564491-111x106.jpg 111w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Saxony wasp (Dolichovespula saxonica) queen building nest. Surrey, England, UK. May.\" \/><\/div><div class=\"gallery-overview-caption\"><strong>naturepl_01564491<\/strong> by Kim Taylor<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .gallery -->\n\n<p>Wasps construct nests out of other materials, too. The female mud dauber wasp collects mud from the edges of water sources, working it into a ball with her forelegs and mandibles. She then mixes it with saliva, and moulds it into a multi-tiered nest of many cells. one for each of her larvae. Likewise, potter wasps get their name from the pot-shaped nests they fashion from mud and clay. In both cases, the female stocks her mud nest with live, paralysed prey, lays a single egg on in and then seals the nest to protect the developing larvae.<\/p>\n<div id='gallery-10' class='gallery gallery-15892 style-standard'><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01350301-360x240.jpg\" class=\"attachment-three-two size-three-two\" alt=\"Black and yellow Mud Dauber (Sceliphron caementarium) female collecting mud for her nest. Comal County, Hill Country, Central Texas, USA, July.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01350301-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01350301-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01350301-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01350301-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01350301.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01350301-600x399.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01350301-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01350301-320x213.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01350301-375x249.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01350301-900x599.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01350301-159x106.jpg 159w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Black and yellow Mud Dauber (Sceliphron caementarium) female collecting mud for her nest. Comal County, Hill Country, Central Texas, USA, July.\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01350305-360x240.jpg\" class=\"attachment-three-two size-three-two\" alt=\"Black and yellow Mud Dauber (Sceliphron caementarium) female collecting mud for her nest. Comal County, Hill Country, Central Texas, USA, July.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01350305-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01350305-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01350305-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01350305-768x510.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01350305.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01350305-600x398.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01350305-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01350305-320x213.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01350305-375x249.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01350305-900x598.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01350305-160x106.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Black and yellow Mud Dauber (Sceliphron caementarium) female collecting mud for her nest. Comal County, Hill Country, Central Texas, USA, July.\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01692171-1-360x240.jpg\" class=\"attachment-three-two size-three-two\" alt=\"Heath potter wasp (Eumenes coarctatus) stocking a clay nest pot attached to a Gorse bush with a paralysed moth caterpillar, Devon, UK, September.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01692171-1-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01692171-1-1024x684.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01692171-1-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01692171-1-510x340.jpg 510w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Heath potter wasp (Eumenes coarctatus) stocking a clay nest pot attached to a Gorse bush with a paralysed moth caterpillar, Devon, UK, September.\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01691161-360x240.jpg\" class=\"attachment-three-two size-three-two\" alt=\"Completed clay nest built by Heath potter wasp (Eumenes coarctatus), sealed, attached to Ling heather bush (Calluna vulgaris), Devon, UK. September.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01691161-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01691161-1024x684.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01691161-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01691161-510x340.jpg 510w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Completed clay nest built by Heath potter wasp (Eumenes coarctatus), sealed, attached to Ling heather bush (Calluna vulgaris), Devon, UK. September.\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .gallery -->\n\n<p><strong>Digger Wasps<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Some wasps do not bother with intricate designs, and are content with a hole in the ground. Digger wasps are usually associated with dry, sandy soils that are easy to burrow into. They will excavate tunnels that terminate in brood chambers. As usual, these chambers are provisioned with prey upon which the female lays her eggs before sealing up the hole. After pupating, the young wasps will then dig themselves out of the burrow and go on to continue the cycle.<\/p>\n<div id='gallery-11' class='gallery gallery-15892 style-standard'><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01585409-1-360x240.jpg\" class=\"attachment-three-two size-three-two\" alt=\"Ornate digger wasp (Cerceris rybyensis), emerging from burrow, Monmouthshire, Wales, UK, August.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01585409-1-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01585409-1-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01585409-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01585409-1-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01585409-1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01585409-1-600x401.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01585409-1-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01585409-1-320x214.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01585409-1-375x250.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01585409-1-900x601.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01585409-1-159x106.jpg 159w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Ornate digger wasp  (Cerceris rybyensis), emerging from burrow, Monmouthshire, Wales, UK, August.\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/01563165-360x240.jpg\" class=\"attachment-three-two size-three-two\" alt=\"European beewolf (Philanthus triangulum) nest structure made from pouring plaster into an abandoned nest hole., Budapest, Hungary\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/01563165-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/01563165-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/01563165-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/01563165-600x399.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/01563165-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/01563165-320x213.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/01563165-375x249.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/01563165-160x106.jpg 160w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/01563165.jpg 700w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"European beewolf (Philanthus triangulum) nest structure made from pouring plaster into an abandoned nest hole., Budapest, Hungary\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01705013-360x240.jpg\" class=\"attachment-three-two size-three-two\" alt=\"Female Ornate-talied digger wasp (Cerceris rybyensis) emerging from burrow, Peak District National Park, Derbyshire, UK. August.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01705013-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01705013-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01705013-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01705013-768x515.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01705013.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01705013-600x402.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01705013-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01705013-320x214.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01705013-375x251.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01705013-900x603.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01705013-158x106.jpg 158w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Female Ornate-talied digger wasp (Cerceris rybyensis) emerging from burrow,  Peak District National Park, Derbyshire, UK. August.\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01563180-1-360x240.jpg\" class=\"attachment-three-two size-three-two\" alt=\"European beewolf (Philanthus triangulum) digging nest burrow, Budapest, Hungary\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01563180-1-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01563180-1-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01563180-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01563180-1-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01563180-1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01563180-1-600x399.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01563180-1-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01563180-1-320x213.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01563180-1-375x249.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01563180-1-900x599.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01563180-1-159x106.jpg 159w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"European beewolf (Philanthus triangulum) digging nest burrow, Budapest, Hungary\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01668335-360x240.jpg\" class=\"attachment-three-two size-three-two\" alt=\"Heath sand wasp (Ammophila pubescens) excavating a nest burrow in a bare sandy patch of heathland, carrying a ball of sand between its mandibles and its raised front legs, Dorset, UK, June.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01668335-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01668335-1024x684.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01668335-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01668335-510x340.jpg 510w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Heath sand wasp (Ammophila pubescens) excavating a nest burrow in a bare sandy patch of heathland, carrying a ball of sand between its mandibles and its raised front legs, Dorset, UK, June.\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .gallery -->\n\n<p><strong>Gall wasps<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Gall wasps (<em>Cynipidae<\/em>) are a group of species that create growths on plants, in which their larvae develop. They do this by laying their eggs in leaves, flowers or buds. The eggs release chemicals that are toxic to the plant, forcing it to create a fleshy growth around the larvae to protect itself. This creates the perfect home for the gall wasp grub to grow up in. Once the larvae have developed into wasps, they dig themselves out of the gall and go on to parasitise more plants.<\/p>\n<div id='gallery-12' class='gallery gallery-15892 style-standard'><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01704989-360x240.jpg\" class=\"attachment-three-two size-three-two\" alt=\"Galls of the Silk button gall wasp (Neuroterus numismalis) on the underside of a fallen Oak (Quercus sp.) leaf. A single adult wasp will emerge from each gall, Peak District National Park, Derbyshire, UK. November\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01704989-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01704989-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01704989-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01704989-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01704989.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01704989-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01704989-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01704989-320x213.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01704989-375x250.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01704989-900x600.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01704989-159x106.jpg 159w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Galls of the Silk button gall wasp (Neuroterus numismalis) on the underside of a fallen Oak (Quercus sp.) leaf. A single adult wasp will emerge from each gall, Peak District National Park, Derbyshire, UK. November\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01522943-360x240.jpg\" class=\"attachment-three-two size-three-two\" alt=\"Gall wasp (Cynips quercusfolii) emerging from the oak gall. Germany, October.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01522943-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01522943-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01522943-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01522943-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01522943.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01522943-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01522943-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01522943-320x213.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01522943-375x250.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01522943-900x599.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01522943-159x106.jpg 159w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Gall wasp (Cynips quercusfolii) emerging from the oak gall. Germany, October.\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01289347-360x240.jpg\" class=\"attachment-three-two size-three-two\" alt=\"Common oak gall wasp (Cynips quercusfolii) exposed inside oak gall, UK\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01289347-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01289347-1024x684.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01289347-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01289347-510x340.jpg 510w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Common oak gall wasp (Cynips quercusfolii) exposed inside oak gall, UK\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .gallery -->\n\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Weird &amp; Wonderful Wasps<\/h3>\n<p>Wasps come in all shapes, sizes and colours. From the gigantic to the minute, to the exquisitely beautiful, wasps never cease to amaze.<\/p>\n<div id='gallery-13' class='gallery gallery-15892 style-scrollingstrip'><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01710185.jpg\" class=\"attachment-gallery-strip-thumb size-gallery-strip-thumb\" alt=\"Ichneumon wasp (Ophioninae) resting on leaf, West Bengal, India.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01710185.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01710185-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01710185-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01710185-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01710185-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01710185-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01710185-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01710185-320x213.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01710185-375x250.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01710185-900x600.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01710185-159x106.jpg 159w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Ichneumon wasp (Ophioninae) resting on leaf, West Bengal, India.\" \/><\/div><div class=\"gallery-overview-caption\"><strong>naturepl_01710185<\/strong> by Ripan Biswas<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01280135-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-gallery-strip-thumb size-gallery-strip-thumb\" alt=\"Ichneumon wasp (Rhyssa persuasoria) one of the largest British wasps, at rest on Dock leaf, UK, Captive\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01280135-1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01280135-1-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01280135-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01280135-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01280135-1-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01280135-1-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01280135-1-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01280135-1-320x213.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01280135-1-375x250.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01280135-1-900x600.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01280135-1-159x106.jpg 159w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Ichneumon wasp (Rhyssa persuasoria) one of the largest British wasps, at rest on Dock leaf, UK, Captive\" \/><\/div><div class=\"gallery-overview-caption\"><strong>naturepl_01280135<\/strong> by Andy Sands<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01710169.jpg\" class=\"attachment-gallery-strip-thumb size-gallery-strip-thumb\" alt=\"Eucharitid wasp (Eucharitidae) resting on leaf, close up, Coochbehar, West Bengal, India.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01710169.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01710169-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01710169-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01710169-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01710169-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01710169-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01710169-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01710169-320x213.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01710169-375x250.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01710169-900x600.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01710169-159x106.jpg 159w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Eucharitid wasp (Eucharitidae) resting on leaf, close up, Coochbehar, West Bengal, India.\" \/><\/div><div class=\"gallery-overview-caption\"><strong>naturepl_01710169<\/strong> by Ripan Biswas<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon portrait'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01362371.jpg\" class=\"attachment-gallery-strip-thumb size-gallery-strip-thumb\" alt=\"Ichneumon wasp (Compsocryptus sp.?) in flight, Williamson county, Texas, USA, November\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01362371.jpg 683w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01362371-100x150.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01362371-300x450.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01362371-320x480.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01362371-375x562.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01362371-600x900.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01362371-71x106.jpg 71w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Ichneumon wasp (Compsocryptus sp.?) in flight, Williamson county, Texas, USA, November\" \/><\/div><div class=\"gallery-overview-caption\"><strong>Ichneumon wasp (Compsocryptus sp.?) in flight, Williamson county, Texas, USA, November<\/strong> by John Abbott<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00640446.jpg\" class=\"attachment-gallery-strip-thumb size-gallery-strip-thumb\" alt=\"Bald-faced Hornet (Dolichovespula maculata) flying, western Oregon\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00640446.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00640446-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00640446-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00640446-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00640446-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00640446-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00640446-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00640446-320x213.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00640446-375x250.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00640446-900x600.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00640446-159x106.jpg 159w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Bald-faced Hornet (Dolichovespula maculata) flying, western Oregon\" \/><\/div><div class=\"gallery-overview-caption\"><strong>Bald-faced Hornet (Dolichovespula maculata) flying, western Oregon<\/strong> by Michael Durham<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"681\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01706544.jpg\" class=\"attachment-gallery-strip-thumb size-gallery-strip-thumb\" alt=\"Gasteruptid wasp (Gasteruption sp.) female, exhibiting full length of its strikingly long ovipositor while feeding on a Waxflower (Chamelaucium sp.), Dryandra Forest, Western Australia. October. (Gasteruptiidae)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01706544.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01706544-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01706544-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01706544-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01706544-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01706544-600x399.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01706544-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01706544-320x213.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01706544-375x249.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01706544-900x599.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01706544-159x106.jpg 159w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Gasteruptid wasp (Gasteruption sp.) female, exhibiting full length of its strikingly long ovipositor while feeding on a Waxflower (Chamelaucium sp.), Dryandra Forest, Western Australia. October. (Gasteruptiidae)\" \/><\/div><div class=\"gallery-overview-caption\"><strong>Gasteruptid wasp (Gasteruption sp.) female, exhibiting full length of its strikingly long ovipositor while feeding on a Waxflower (Chamelaucium sp.), Dryandra Forest, Western Australia. October. (Gasteruptiidae)<\/strong> by Jiri Lochman<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01692193.jpg\" class=\"attachment-gallery-strip-thumb size-gallery-strip-thumb\" alt=\"Female Mammoth wasp (Megascolia maculata) in flight, Italy, June.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01692193.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01692193-150x113.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01692193-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01692193-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01692193-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01692193-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01692193-800x600.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01692193-320x240.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01692193-375x281.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01692193-900x675.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01692193-141x106.jpg 141w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Female Mammoth wasp (Megascolia maculata) in flight, Italy, June.\" \/><\/div><div class=\"gallery-overview-caption\"><strong>naturepl_01692193<\/strong> by Paul Harcourt Davies<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01704277.jpg\" class=\"attachment-gallery-strip-thumb size-gallery-strip-thumb\" alt=\"Female Giant Ichneumon wasp (Megarhyssa macrurus) drilling in wood to lay eggs, Ontario, Canada. August.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01704277.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01704277-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01704277-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01704277-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01704277-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01704277-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01704277-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01704277-320x213.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01704277-375x250.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01704277-900x600.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01704277-159x106.jpg 159w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Female Giant Ichneumon wasp (Megarhyssa macrurus) drilling in wood to lay eggs, Ontario, Canada. August.\" \/><\/div><div class=\"gallery-overview-caption\"><strong>naturepl_01704277<\/strong> by Gil Wizen<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"929\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01686364.jpg\" class=\"attachment-gallery-strip-thumb size-gallery-strip-thumb\" alt=\"Lesser paper wasp (Polistes dorsalis) on Goldenrod (Solidago sp.) flower, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01686364.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01686364-150x136.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01686364-300x272.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01686364-768x697.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01686364-320x290.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01686364-375x340.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01686364-600x544.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01686364-900x817.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01686364-117x106.jpg 117w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Lesser paper wasp (Polistes dorsalis) on Goldenrod (Solidago sp.) flower, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.\" \/><\/div><div class=\"gallery-overview-caption\"><strong>Lesser paper wasp (Polistes dorsalis) on Goldenrod (Solidago sp.) flower, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.<\/strong> by Doug Wechsler<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"698\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/naturepl_00572582.jpg\" class=\"attachment-gallery-strip-thumb size-gallery-strip-thumb\" alt=\"Paper Wasp (Ropalidia sp) colony, Ankarafantsika National Park, Madagascar\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/naturepl_00572582.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/naturepl_00572582-150x102.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/naturepl_00572582-300x204.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/naturepl_00572582-768x524.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/naturepl_00572582-320x218.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/naturepl_00572582-375x256.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/naturepl_00572582-600x409.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/naturepl_00572582-900x613.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/naturepl_00572582-156x106.jpg 156w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Paper Wasp (Ropalidia sp) colony, Ankarafantsika National Park, Madagascar\" \/><\/div><div class=\"gallery-overview-caption\"><strong>Paper Wasp (Ropalidia sp) colony, Ankarafantsika National Park, Madagascar<\/strong> by Paul Bertner<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .gallery -->\n\n<p><b>Little and large<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Wasps in the fairy fly family (<span><em>Mymaridae<\/em>)<\/span> are tiny. They are so small that it affects how they experience physics. Air appears to be more like a liquid to them, thicker and harder to move through. In order to fly in such harsh conditions, fairy flies have developed stalked wings covered in tiny hairs to reduce drag. These are paddle shaped and they use them to &#8216;row&#8217; through the air.<\/p>\n<p>At the other end of the size spectrum is the Tarantula Hawk Wasp, a wasp so large that spiders of the tarantula family are it&#8217;s prey! They have a painful sting full of paralyzing venom, which they use to immobilize their enormous quarry. This sting is said to be one of the most painful in the world, second only to the bullet ant.<\/p>\n<div id='gallery-14' class='gallery gallery-15892 style-standard'><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01706475-360x240.jpg\" class=\"attachment-three-two size-three-two\" alt=\"Battledore-wing fairy fly (Mymar sp.) female. Preserved specimen from antique collection on microscope slide. Focus stacked. Fairy flies (Mymaridae) are amongst the smallest insects on the planet, although they are wasps rather than flies. They are so tiny that air is relatively thick and viscous to them. Their stalked wings are rimmed with fine hairs, enabling them to effectively row through the viscous air.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01706475-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01706475-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01706475-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01706475-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01706475.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01706475-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01706475-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01706475-320x213.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01706475-375x250.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01706475-900x600.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01706475-159x106.jpg 159w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Battledore-wing fairy fly (Mymar sp.) female. Preserved specimen from antique collection on microscope slide. Focus stacked.  \nFairy flies (Mymaridae) are amongst the smallest insects on the planet, although they are wasps rather than flies. They are so tiny that air is relatively thick and viscous to them. Their stalked wings are rimmed with fine hairs, enabling them to effectively row through the viscous air.\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00574657-360x240.jpg\" class=\"attachment-three-two size-three-two\" alt=\"Tarantula Hawk (Pepsis sp), Argentina\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00574657-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00574657-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00574657-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00574657-768x510.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00574657.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00574657-600x398.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00574657-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00574657-320x213.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00574657-375x249.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00574657-900x598.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_00574657-160x106.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Tarantula Hawk (Pepsis sp), Argentina\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .gallery -->\n\n<p><strong>Nature&#8217;s jewels<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Who knew wasps could be beautiful? With their glittering iridescence, members of the cuckoo wasp family deserve a place among the world&#8217;s most exquisite-looking insects. And check out the dazzling wings of this spider-hunting wasp!<\/p>\n<div id='gallery-15' class='gallery gallery-15892 style-standard'><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/naturepl_01726674-360x240.jpg\" class=\"attachment-three-two size-three-two\" alt=\"Ruby-tailed \/ Cuckoo wasp (Chrysis comparata) on Mexican daisy \/ Fleabane (Erigeron karvinskianus). Podere Montecucco, Orvieto, Italy. June.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/naturepl_01726674-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/naturepl_01726674-1024x684.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/naturepl_01726674-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/naturepl_01726674-510x340.jpg 510w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Ruby-tailed \/ Cuckoo wasp (Chrysis comparata) on Mexican daisy \/ Fleabane (Erigeron karvinskianus). Podere Montecucco, Orvieto, Italy. June.\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01493839-360x240.jpg\" class=\"attachment-three-two size-three-two\" alt=\"Spider hunting wasp (Pompilidae) Maliau Basin, Sabah, Borneo.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01493839-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01493839-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01493839-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01493839-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01493839.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01493839-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01493839-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01493839-320x213.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01493839-375x250.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01493839-900x600.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01493839-159x106.jpg 159w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Spider hunting wasp (Pompilidae) Maliau Basin, Sabah, Borneo.\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .gallery -->\n\n<p><strong>Wingless Wasps<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Not all wasps look like wasps, and this is especially true for the wingless species. The deceptively-named velvet ants (Mutillidae) are not ants at all &#8211; they&#8217;re parasitic wasps! But the wingless females are so superficially ant-like (narrow waist and all) that the confusion is warranted. Although velvet ants are restricted to life on the ground, they have swapped flight muscles for stronger legs, making them quick on their feet!<\/p>\n<p>Likewise, female flower wasps (<em>Thynnidae<\/em>) have forsaken their wings for a flightless existence, but they can still hitch a ride with the winged males. When they are ready to mate, they climb to a high point and waft their abdomens to spread pheromones into the air. Once picked up by a male, the females will cling to her partner&#8217;s abdomen during &#8220;nuptial flights&#8221;. Wasp Photographer Jiri Lochman says: <strong>&#8220;<\/strong>In some species of flower wasp, both partners will feed on nectar as the male flies from flower to flower. In other species only the male feeds, passing nectar to the female mouth-to-mouth, or exuding it from his abdomen for her. These nuptial flights can take many hours.&#8221; Once back on the ground, the female flower wasp will dig for beetle grubs, which she paralyses to provide food for her offspring.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id='gallery-16' class='gallery gallery-15892 style-standard'><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01525279-360x240.jpg\" class=\"attachment-three-two size-three-two\" alt=\"Velvet ant (Dasymutilla quadriguttata) Oxford, Mississippi, USA. Meetyourneighbours.net project\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01525279-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01525279-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01525279-510x340.jpg 510w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Velvet ant (Dasymutilla quadriguttata) Oxford, Mississippi, USA. Meetyourneighbours.net project\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01557644-360x240.jpg\" class=\"attachment-three-two size-three-two\" alt=\"Cow killer velvet ant (Dasymutilla occidentalis) on white background, Tuscaloosa County, Alabama, USA SeptemberCow killer velvet ant (Dasymutilla occidentalis) on white background, Tuscaloosa County, Alabama, USA September\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01557644-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01557644-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01557644-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01557644-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01557644.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01557644-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01557644-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01557644-320x213.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01557644-375x250.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01557644-900x600.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01557644-159x106.jpg 159w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Cow killer velvet ant (Dasymutilla occidentalis) on white background, Tuscaloosa County, Alabama, USA September\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709121-360x240.jpg\" class=\"attachment-three-two size-three-two\" alt=\"Flower wasp (Macrothynnus insignis) wingless female, waiting on a piece of wood to be picked up by a flying male, dispersing pheromones to advertise her readiness to mate, Wandoo National Park, Western Australia. (Tiphiidae)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709121-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709121-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709121-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709121-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709121.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709121-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709121-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709121-320x213.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709121-375x250.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709121-900x600.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709121-159x106.jpg 159w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Flower wasp (Macrothynnus insignis) wingless female, waiting on a piece of wood to be picked up by a flying male, dispersing pheromones to advertise her readiness to mate, Wandoo National Park, Western Australia. (Tiphiidae)\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure><figure class='gallery-item col-0'><div class='gallery-icon landscape'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709094-360x240.jpg\" class=\"attachment-three-two size-three-two\" alt=\"Flower wasp (Agriomyia sp.) mating pair, the winged male feeding on flowers with the wingless female hanging curled on the male&amp;apos;s abdomen waiting to be fed with regurgitated nectar, Mitchell Plateau, Kimberely Region, Western Australia. (Tiphiidae)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709094-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709094-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709094-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709094-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709094.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709094-600x401.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709094-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709094-320x214.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709094-375x250.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709094-900x601.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01709094-159x106.jpg 159w\" sizes=\"100vw\" title=\"Flower wasp (Agriomyia sp.) mating pair, the winged male feeding on flowers with the wingless female hanging curled on the male&amp;apos;s abdomen waiting to be fed with regurgitated nectar, Mitchell Plateau, Kimberely Region, Western Australia. (Tiphiidae)\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .gallery -->\n\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>In the end&#8230;<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>None of these facts make the wasps we encounter any less bothersome. But these underappreciated insects deserve better. They help us, and (dare we say it) they are even quite wonderful. Given the chance, they could be just as beloved as bees.<\/p>\n<p>So the next time you see a wasp, don&#8217;t be so quick to swat at it (that would probably make it more likely to sting you anyway). Remember the benefits it brings to your local ecosystem, to the food you eat, and perhaps, one day, to human medicine.<\/p>\n<p>And if the wasp is after your sausages, lemonade, or jam? Why not offer it a small share and gradually move the plate further away from your picnic table. That way, both wasp and human can enjoy their lunch in peace.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17121\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17121\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/stock-photo\/wasps-(vespula-vulgaris)-swarming-around-jam-pot-at-a-cafe-peak-district\/search\/detail-0_01323567.html\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-17121\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01323567-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01323567-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01323567-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01323567-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01323567.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01323567-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01323567-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01323567-510x340.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01323567-320x213.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01323567-375x250.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01323567-900x600.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/naturepl_01323567-159x106.jpg 159w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17121\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wasps (Vespula vulgaris) swarming around jam pot at a cafe, Peak District, England, UK, August<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/41kYDghzOL._SX354_BO1204203200_.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-17156 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/41kYDghzOL._SX354_BO1204203200_-300x421.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"143\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/41kYDghzOL._SX354_BO1204203200_-300x421.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/41kYDghzOL._SX354_BO1204203200_-107x150.jpg 107w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/41kYDghzOL._SX354_BO1204203200_-320x449.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/41kYDghzOL._SX354_BO1204203200_-76x106.jpg 76w, https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/41kYDghzOL._SX354_BO1204203200_.jpg 356w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 143px) 100vw, 143px\" \/><\/a>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.co.uk\/Wasps-World-Guide-Every-Family\/dp\/0691238545\/ref=sr_1_5?crid=27H8QSRVW7CXW&amp;keywords=wasps+of+the+world&amp;qid=1691079733&amp;sprefix=wasps+of+the+world%2Caps%2C68&amp;sr=8-5\">Wasps of the World<\/a>, from Princeton University Press, is scheduled for publication on 9th April, 2024. Nature Picture Library collaborated with Jane Smith Media to supply many images for the book, and our research inspired this blog post.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>WASP. A word that strikes fear into the heart of many a summer picnic. These widely scorned insects, mostly viewed with annoyance and fear, simply can&#8217;t get enough of our lunches. They loiter around bins and jam jars, with a threatening drone. Sometimes they land on us. Sometimes they sting. So unloved are they, that&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/2023\/08\/03\/in-celebration-of-wasps-yes-seriously\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"button\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[4,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15892","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-stories","category-natural-inspiration"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15892"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15892"}],"version-history":[{"count":93,"href":"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15892\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19395,"href":"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15892\/revisions\/19395"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15892"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15892"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.naturepl.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15892"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}