Bruno D'Amicis / Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) stag and Dwarf Pine (Pinus mugo) silhouetted at dusk on mountain slope. Western Tatras, Slovakia, September.

Wild Wonders of Europe / D'Amicis / European brown bear (Ursus arctos) solitary female peering from behind Dwarf mountain pines (Pinus mugo) in mountain meadow, Western Tatras, Carpathian Mountains, Slovakia, June 2009

Wild Wonders of Europe / D'Amicis / Aerial view of border between spruce forest and Dwarf mountain pine (Pinus mugo) zones showing several trees killed by Bark beetle (Scolytidae) Western Tatras, Carpathian Mountains, Slovakia, June 200...

Wild Wonders of Europe / D'Amicis / Female European brown bear (Ursus arctos) with two yearling cubs feeding amongst Dwarf pines (Pinus mugo) Western Tatras, Carpathian Mountains, Slovakia, June 2009

Wild Wonders of Europe / D'Amicis / Female European brown bear (Ursus arctos) with two yearling cubs emerging from Dwarf pines (Pinus mugo) Western Tatras, Carpathian Mountains, Slovakia, June 2009

Bruno D'Amicis / Juvenile Dunnock (Prunella modularis) on Dwarf pine (Pinus mugo). Abruzzo, Central Apennines, Italy, June.

Zoltan Nagy / Dwarf mountain pines (Pinus mugo) covered in snow, Ceahlau Mountains, Romania, January.

Zoltan Nagy / Wild grey wolves (Canis lupus) in the Retezat Mountains Retezat National Park, Romania among dwarf pine (Pinus mugo) June.

Zoltan Nagy / Brown bear (Ursus arctos arctos) mother with large cub among dwarf pine (Pinus mugo) in the Retezat Mountains, Romania. June

Zoltan Nagy / Brown bear (Ursus arctos arctos) mother with small cubs among dwarf pine (Pinus mugo) in the Retezat Mountains, Romania. June

Bruno D'Amicis / Apennine chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica ornata) females with newborn kids in mountain habitat with Dwarf pine (Pinus mugo) shrubland. Endemic to the Apennine mountains. Abruzzo, Italy, June.

Bruno D'Amicis / Apennine chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica ornata) female with newborn kid in mountain habitat with Dwarf pine (Pinus mugo) shrubland. Endemic to the Apennine mountains. Abruzzo, Italy, June.

Wild Wonders of Europe / Möllers / Dwarf pine (Pinus mugo) bushes on a slope in the Tarcu Mountains Natura 2000 site. Southern Carpathians, Muntii Tarcu, Caras-Severin, Romania, October 2012

Juan Manuel Borrero / Mountain Pine (Pinus mugo uncinata ) in El Verd Mountain Range, Pyrenees, Lleida Province, Spain, June

Juan Manuel Borrero / Mountain pine wood (Pinus mugo) and rhododendron flowers, De la Pera Lakes, Tossa Plana de Lles, Pyrenees, Lleida Province, Spain, July

Philippe Clement / Mugo pine (Pinus mugo) in the Cirque de Gavarnie and the Gavarnie Falls / Grande Cascade de Gavarnie, highest waterfall of France in the Pyrenees, June 2012

Philippe Clement / Mugo / Mountain pine (Pinus mugo) showing needles and male flowers, Cirque de Gavarnie, Pyrenees, France, June

Nick Upton / Edelweiss (Leontopodium alpinum) flowering among limestone boulders at 1800m with Dwarf pine trees (Pinus mugo) in the background, Triglav National Park, Julian Alps, Slovenia, July

Nick Upton / Three Cows (Bos taurus) standing by Dwarf pine (Pinus mugo) on grassy ridge at 1600m in the Julian Alps, Triglav National Park, Slovenia, July 2011

Nick Upton / Bavarian masterwort (Astrantia bavarica) flowering at 1800m with Dwarf pine trees (Pinus mugo) in the background, Triglav National Park, Julian Alps, Slovenia, July

Nick Upton / Flock of Bovec sheep (Ovis aries) seeking shade under Dwarf pine trees (Pinus mugo) in unusually hot weather at 1600m in the Julian Alps near Bohinj, Triglav National Park, Slovenia, July.

Nick Upton / Flock of Bovec sheep (Ovis aries) seeking shade under Dwarf pine trees (Pinus mugo) in unusually hot weather at 1600m in the Julian Alps near Bohinj, Triglav National Park, Slovenia, July 2010.

Nick Upton / Hairy alpine rose (Rhododendron hirsutum) clumps growing in a grassy gulley below Dwarf pine (Pinus mugo) trees at 1650m on karst limestone mountainside, Julian Alps, Triglav National Park, Slovenia,...

Nick Upton / Hairy alpine rose (Rhododendron hirsutum) clump growing among grasses near the upper tree-line of Dwarf pines (Pinus mugo) on karst limestone mountainside at 1800m near Mount Vogel, with several c2000...

Nick Upton / Dwarf pine trees (Pinus mugo) covering mountainside between 1500-1900m in the Julian Alps near Mount Vogel, with several c2000m high peaks in the background, Triglav National Park, Slovenia, July 2010...

Nick Upton / Carpet of Yellow and white Oxeye daisies (Buphthalmum salicifolium, Leucanthemum sp.) growing on karst limestone mountain ridge alongside Dwarf pine trees (Pinus mugo) at 1700m near Mount Vogel, with...

Nick Upton / Alpine leek (Allium victorialis) clump growing among limestone scree near Dwarf pines (Pinus mugo) at 1700m on the Bohinj Ridge Mountains hiking trail, Julian Alps, Triglav National Park, Slovenia, Ju...

Nick Upton / Alpine leek (Allium victorialis) clump growing among limestone scree near Dwarf pines (Pinus mugo) at 1700m on the Bohinj Ridge Mountains hiking trail, Julian Alps, Triglav National Park, Slovenia, Ju...

Nick Upton / Colourful mix of Alpine wild flowers including Alpine calamint (Acinos alpinus) Creeping baby's breath (Gypsophila repens) and Yellow oxeye daisies (Buphthalmum salicifolium) growing on karst limeston...

Nick Upton / Colourful mix of Alpine wild flowers including Alpine calamint (Acinos alpinus) Creeping baby's breath (Gypsophila repens) and Yellow oxeye daisies (Buphthalmum salicifolium) growing on karst limeston...

Nick Upton / Adiabatic clouds forming on the windward side of the 1900m high Bohinj Ridge Moutains in the Julian Alps, as rising air cools, with grasses and Dwarf pines (Pinus mugo) growing between areas of expose...

Bruno D'Amicis / First snow on Dwarf Pines (Pinus mugo) on mountain ridge. Western Tatras, Slovakia, September.

Bruno D'Amicis / Dwarf Pine (Pinus mugo) and Arolla Pine (Pinus cembra) on mountain slope in fog. Westeren Tatras, Slovakia, June.

Bruno D'Amicis / Dwarf Pine (Pinus mugo) saplings growing among Heather (Calluna vulgaris). Western Tatras, Slovakia, May.

Bruno D'Amicis / Coloured Rowan (Sorbus aucuparia) trees among Dwarf Pine (Pinus mugo) and Spruce (Picea abies) in a mountain glen. Western Tatras, Slovakia, September.

Bruno D'Amicis / Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) stag bellowing among Dwarf Pine (Pinus mugo) on mountain slope. Western Tatras, Slovakia, September.

Wild Wonders of Europe / Bartocha / Mountain pines (Pinus mugo) at the Thagårds Plantation, Thy National Park, Denmark, July 2009

Wild Wonders of Europe / Giesbers / Close-up of Swiss mountain pine (Pinus mugo) with cones, Liechtenstein, June 2009

Wild Wonders of Europe / Giesbers / Swiss mountain pine (Pinus mugo) with flowering Alpenrose (Rhododendron ferrugineum) Liechtenstein, June 2009

Wild Wonders of Europe / D'Amicis / Aerial view the transition from mountain forest with Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Mountain ash / Rowan (Sorbus aucuparia) trees and the Dwarf mountain pine (Pinus mugo) zone, Western Tatras, Carpat...

Wild Wonders of Europe / D'Amicis / Aerial view of path in mountain forest of Norway spruce (Picea abies) Mountain ash / Rowan (Sorbus aucuparia) and the Dwarf mountain pine (Pinus mugo) zone, Western Tatras, Carpathian Mountains, Slova...

Wild Wonders of Europe / D'Amicis / Steep mountain slope with fresh grass and scattered Dwarf mountain pine (Pinus mugo) trees, Western Tatras, Carpathian Mountains, Slovakia, June 2009

Wild Wonders of Europe / D'Amicis / Border between mountain forest with Norway spruce (Picea abies) Mountain ash / Rowan (Sorbus aucuparia) and Arolla pine (Pinus cembra) trees and the Dwarf mountain pine (Pinus mugo) zone, Western Tatr...

Wild Wonders of Europe / D'Amicis / Thick and impenetrable Dwarf mountain pine (Pinus mugo) cover with scattered Mountain ash / Rowan (Sorbus aucuparia) trees, Western Tatras, Carpathian Mountains, Slovakia, June 2009

Wild Wonders of Europe / D'Amicis / Thick and impenetrable Dwarf mountain pine (Pinus mugo) cover with scattered Mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia) trees, Western Tatras, Carpathian Mountains, Slovakia, June 2009

Wild Wonders of Europe / D'Amicis / Female European brown bear (Ursus arctos) with two yearling cubs feeding amongst Dwarf pines (Pinus mugo) Western Tatras, Carpathian Mountains, Slovakia, June 2009

Wild Wonders of Europe / D'Amicis / Female European brown bear (Ursus arctos) emerging from Dwarf pines (Pinus mugo) in afternoon light, Western Tatras, Carpathian Mountains, Slovakia, June 2009

Wild Wonders of Europe / D'Amicis / Female European brown bear (Ursus arctos), emerging from Dwarf pines (Pinus mugo) Western Tatras, Carpathian Mountains, Slovakia, June 2009